Every year, thousands of animals are transported by air—not just for trade or exhibitions but for critical conservation efforts, breeding programmes, and emergency rescues. As we mark World Wildlife Day, the role of air cargo in wildlife protection takes centre stage, highlighting both its challenges and potential to contribute to global conservation efforts.
Air cargo in conservation
Wildlife transport by air is often essential for: Breeding programmes for endangered species; reintroductions into the wild, medical treatment and emergency relocations, and rescue operations from conflict zones, illegal trade, or natural disasters.
Air cargo provides the fastest and safest way to move animals, but it also comes with a responsibility to uphold the highest standards of animal welfare. One of the greatest hurdles in transporting live animals is ensuring their safety, well-being, and adaptation to the journey. Unlike standard cargo, animals require special conditions, including temperature control, ventilation, and minimal stress during transport.
“The biggest challenge is understanding that animals are not just cargo,” Tim Bouts, a specialist in zoo health management, said, stressing that the aviation industry must work closely with zoologists, conservationists, and animal handlers to ensure best practices.
Patchwork of rules
One of the biggest obstacles to seamless wildlife transport is navigating the maze of global regulations. Each country has different permitting requirements, documentation, and quarantine rules, making coordinated international shipments a logistical challenge.
“Some countries require months of paperwork before an animal can even be considered for transport, while others have sudden regulatory changes that disrupt carefully planned relocations,” Bouts explained. “This lack of uniformity can delay critical conservation efforts.”
Are airports ready?
Another key concern raised at the conference was the lack of dedicated facilities at many airports to accommodate live animal shipments.
“Not every airport is equipped to handle wildlife transport, and that’s a major issue,” Bouts noted. “Some animals require climate-controlled holding areas, secure enclosures, or even veterinary support on arrival. Without these, the risks of delays and health complications increase.”
A positive development in the industry is the increased commitment by airlines to provide specialised services for wildlife transport. Qatar Airways Cargo, for example, has introduced the “WeQare” initiative, which offers free transport for rescued wildlife as part of its sustainability commitment, and Emirates SkyCargo has committed to fighting illegal wildlife trafficking, contributing towards the United for Wildlife Transport Taskforce.
On World Wildlife Day 2025, the aviation and logistics industry is being urged to recognise its pivotal role in the survival of endangered species. With the right policies, technology, and ethical practices, air cargo can be a force for good in global wildlife conservation.
“The future of wildlife transport depends on collaboration,” said Bouts. “It’s about bringing together airlines, conservationists, governments, and logistics providers to create solutions that benefit both the animals and the industry.”
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